Mechanical Vent 2 Exam 2 Practice

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• What is a last-ditch measure to improve oxygenation in ARDS patients?
• Which lung disease is commonly associated with auto-PEEP?
• What is flow triggering and why is advantageous compared to pressure triggering?
• Which condition most likely causes pulse oximetry readings to be unreliable due to low perfusion?
• CPIS is used to assess ventilator-associated pneumonia in patients on mechanical ventilation.
• Which is a contraindication to permissive hypercapnia?
• What are key strategies to reduce ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)?
• PetCO2 is NOT determined by which of the following?
• APRV is indicated for which type of lung condition?
• Which factor contributes to auto-PEEP?
• What PS is sufficient to overcome the endotracheal tube but not contribute to ventilatory support?
• Critically ill mechanically ventilated patients commonly have which type of organisms?
• Which diet is most beneficial for mechanically ventilated patients?
• A patient coming from a skilled nursing facility with pneumonia is categorized as?
• Which option best describes typical criteria to initiate a spontaneous breathing trial?
• Which statement is true about the CO2-based formulas for RR and Vt?
• What device is used to isolate and ventilate each lung separately in unilateral disease?
• Ventilator-associated pneumonia is defined as pneumonia occurring after intubation that was not present prior to how many hours after being on the vent?
• What COPD ventilation strategy helps avoid dynamic hyperinflation?
• When should we not put the good lung down and bad lung up?
• In ICU patients on mechanical ventilation, which group of organisms is most commonly implicated?
• A sudden decrease in PetCO2 most commonly indicates which event?
• Which factor can cause inaccuracy of transcutaneous monitoring due to skin characteristics?
• What are the key elements of lung-protective ventilation in ARDS?
• ABG analysis is typically used to confirm saturation at what level?
• What signs suggest pneumothorax development in a ventilated patient?
• A shark-fin appearance on capnography is most typical of which condition?
• What is diaphragmatic dysfunction from mechanical ventilation and what is a key mitigation strategy?
• What are common high-pressure alarm triggers and remedies?
• Which statement about permissive hypercapnia and ventilator-induced lung injury is true?
• What is a common management option for unilateral lung disease to improve ventilation?
• In ARDS management, what is the goal of using PEEP?
• A sudden drop in end-tidal CO2 during ventilation most often indicates which event?
• ATC stands for Automatic Tube Compensation.
• Which of the following is the correct form for calculating Raw?
• 60% of VAP is caused by which organisms?
• A sudden loss of PetCO2 is most commonly due to which event?
• What is the effect of increasing the inspiratory time (I time) in a controlled ventilation mode?
• What is the role of neuromuscular blockade in mechanical ventilation?
• What parameter can be changed to affect the I:E ratio on a ventilator?
• Which of the following conditions are listed as requiring increased minute ventilation on a ventilator?
• Which elements comprise the ventilator care bundle for preventing VAP?
• What are recruitment maneuvers and what are their risks?
• A successful spontaneous breathing trial is characterized by what outcome?
• With PEEP adjustment, PetCO2 should what?
• Which mode delivers the exact amount of pressure needed to overcome the ETT?
• What is the normal RSBI value?
• The amount of pressure required to inflate the lungs is dependent on which factors?
• What triggers a double-trigger dyssynchrony and how can it be addressed?
• The normal RSBI value is approximately which of the following?
• Increased energy expenditure indicates:
• Which term in the alveolar ventilation equation represents tidal volume?
• When is noninvasive ventilation appropriate after extubation?
• Which type of hypoxia is caused by reduced oxygen-carrying capacity due to low hemoglobin?
• When PEEP is set past the optimal level, which parameter is most affected?
• Why is airway protection ability evaluated in a daily weaning plan?
• What is the primary clinical implication of a low static respiratory compliance in ventilated patients?
• What is auto-PEEP and what causes it?
• How is optimal PEEP defined?
• The electrode used by a transcutaneous CO2 monitor is the:
• During CPR, what is the normal end-tidal CO2 (EtCO2) range?
• Why is humidification important in ventilated patients and what are options?
• Which of the following is a cause of increased physiologic dead space?
• Plateau pressure is an important parameter in ventilator management. Which statement correctly describes its measurement and purpose?
• RSBI is calculated as respiratory rate divided by tidal volume. Which expression correctly represents this calculation?
• If PetCO2 remains unchanged after PEEP adjustment, what does this suggest?
• What ventilation strategy helps COPD patients avoid dynamic hyperinflation?
• How can ventilator graphics help diagnose patient-ventilator dyssynchrony?
• What is sedation vacation and its purpose?
• Decreased energy expenditure indicates:
• How is maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP/NIF) used in extubation decisions?
• Which factor is NOT listed as affecting SpO2 readings?
• Which expression represents the alveolar ventilation calculation as described?
• Increased intrinsic work of breathing with decreased compliance is most associated with which condition?
• When is ECMO considered in mechanically ventilated patients?
• Which electrode is used to obtain arterial PCO2 levels during transcutaneous monitoring?
• How does higher PEEP affect hemodynamics?
• What is dead space ventilation and its impact on CO2 elimination?
• Permissive hypercapnia is best described as:
• In a patient with no complaints and a PaCO2 of 30, what type of blood sample is described for measurement?
• Which of the following is a clinical sign of pulmonary edema?
• Which statement accurately describes Synchronized Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation (SIMV) and its interaction with spontaneous breaths?
• Histotoxic hypoxia is classically caused by which toxin?
• Which factor can make a transcutaneous oxygen monitor (TCOM) inaccurate?
• What is the role of bronchodilators and airway clearance in ventilated patients?
• Which sign is among the indications of SBT failure?
• What is the typical I:E ratio in controlled ventilation, and how can it be adjusted?
• Which of the following is a contraindication to BiPAP therapy?
• During a spontaneous breathing trial, which condition supports continuation of the trial?
• Which monitoring method is used to assess neuromuscular blockade during mechanical ventilation?
• How does prone positioning affect oxygenation in severe ARDS?
• What is the desired equation for respiratory rate in this context?
• Which type of hypoxia is associated with cyanide poisoning?
• Does PEEP affect CO2 elimination?
• What is APRV and when is it used?
• Which statement best explains why prone positioning can improve oxygenation in ARDS?
• High PEEP increases physiologic dead space by which mechanism?
• Which condition is associated with PV loop extending to the right?
• If a patient’s total respiratory rate exceeds the ventilator’s set rate, what effect does changing the set rate have on the arterial blood gas?
• Which factor can cause a patient who is making respiratory efforts not to receive a breath from the ventilator?
• A sudden increase in PetCO2 during CPR most likely indicates:
• What is the plateau pressure target in ARDS lung-protective ventilation?
• What is the role of nebulized bronchodilators and airway clearance techniques in ventilated patients?
• What cuff pressure range is generally recommended to minimize tracheal injury?
• How does elevated intra-abdominal pressure affect ventilation?
• PetCO2 is influenced by which component of the alveolar gas?
• Which of the following is NOT part of the ventilator care bundle for preventing VAP?
• Which condition is a high-risk factor for extubation failure that may justify post-extubation noninvasive ventilation?
• Which ventilator parameter affects hemodynamic stability?
• Which statement best describes common goals of a daily ventilator weaning protocol?
• Which gas is used to evaluate a patient for asthma?
• Which condition is known to affect pulse oximeter readings due to altered hemoglobin forms?
• In ARDS, prone positioning improves oxygenation by what mechanism?
• A weaning failure is best described as?
• What is the correct formula to calculate Raw?
• What is the typical value for the normal respiratory quotient?
• What adjustment should be made for a patient on SIMV prior to extubation?
• What is the typical pH target when implementing permissive hypercapnia?
• What is a recommended approach to sedation during weaning?
• In the alveolar ventilation context, what does HME refer to in the dead-space term?
• What happens to ventilator graphics when flow is inadequate?
• A drop in PetCO2 after increasing PEEP most likely indicates that you have:
• Which is NOT a goal of PEEP?
• A concave pressure curve or a figure-8 shaped volume-time loop on a ventilator trace most commonly indicates which issue?
• What is a potential cardiovascular effect of high PEEP?
• How often should a transcutaneous (TC) sensor be replaced?
• PetCO2 monitoring reflects which of the following?
• How often should a ventilator circuit be changed?
• Which statement correctly contrasts humidification options for ventilated patients?
• During ventilation, how should FiO2 be titrated?
• What is the RSBI and what value indicates readiness for weaning?
• What SpO2 target is commonly used to guide FiO2 titration during ventilation?
• Prone positioning is recommended in which clinical scenario?
• CPIS score of <6 indicates which condition?
• In pressure-support ventilation (PSV), which factor most directly influences the delivered tidal volume?
• RSBI calculation formula?
• Negative Allen's test is indicated by what finding?
• Elevated ammonia levels are most commonly associated with which disease?
• What is the function described by Automatic Tube Compensation?
• Which condition makes transcutaneous O2 monitoring unreliable?
• Which sedative is known for not depressing respiratory drive?
• Which statement best defines an auto-trigger in mechanical ventilation?
• In dietary management for mechanically ventilated patients, which nutrient is minimized?
• PetCO2 is a function of which factor?
• What are common low-pressure alarm triggers and remedies?
• Which diagnostic gas is used to evaluate for asthma?
• Which practice best minimizes exposure to circuit changes when managing a ventilated patient?
• What is the primary purpose of PEEP in mechanical ventilation?
• 60% of VAP is due to which group of organisms?
• The most common type of organism causing VAP is?
• In the management of adult ARDS, what tidal volume is recommended per ARDSnet guidelines?
• If PEEP is 15-20 cmH2O, which measurement should be watched?
• Which parameter is not used to determine the pressure required to inflate the lungs?
• Which disease is most prone to auto-PEEP?
• How is static respiratory compliance calculated?
• Which ventilator measurement reflects alveolar distention during testing?
• Which option lists a method to reduce VAP?
• Which sign indicates that the spontaneous breathing trial has failed?
• In PSV, what determines the delivered tidal volume?
• The electrode used to measure PCO2 in transcutaneous monitoring is named for Severing and which other scientist?
• If a patient on VC has been suctioned and given albuterol but their PIP continues to rise, what should be done?
• Which ventilator measurement alerts the clinician to potential alveolar distention?
• What defines a successful spontaneous breathing trial for extubation readiness?
• Static compliance: which statement is true?
• After initiating PEEP, how long should hemodynamics be measured?
• On arterial blood gas, how can you differentiate oxygenation failure from ventilation failure?
• What is the purpose of a cuff leak test?
• Which practice is commonly included in VAP prevention bundles?
• Which items should be recorded when taking TC measurements?
• ROSC stands for which term?
• A high plateau pressure during ventilation most likely indicates which of the following?
• Which agent is listed as the sedative of choice for anaphylactic shock?
• VAP is defined as pneumonia that develops after how many hours of ventilation?
• In treating air hunger on a ventilator, which adjustment directly helps by increasing inspiratory flow?
• Which action is a treatment for air hunger in a patient receiving mechanical ventilation?
• How do peak airway pressure and plateau pressure differ, and what does a large difference indicate?
• What is the desired equation for tidal volume?
• Which is a goal of PEEP?
• What is the best indicator of extubation readiness?
• What is an absolute contraindication to applying PEEP?
• Plateau pressure is measured during an inspiratory hold; what is the recommended upper limit to minimize risk of volutrauma?
• How can permissive hypercapnia be safely implemented?
• Which organism type accounts for the majority of VAP?
• Which ABG patterns are monitored to assess ventilator effectiveness?
• What elements populate a daily ventilator weaning plan?
• What is the purpose of tidal volume per predicted body weight and how is PBW calculated?
• Which of the following are methods to reduce VAP?
• What is the normal respiratory quotient?
• Intrinsic work of breathing (WOB) is defined as the energy required to do what?
• If the flow-volume loop does not reach baseline, what is the problem?
• Which location is associated with the most expensive care?
• Which condition can cause the PV loop to extend farther to the right and flatten out?
• What temperature range should an O2 electrode be maintained at?
• How do VCV and PCV differ in breath delivery?
• Which description accurately reflects BiPAP therapy?